Cognitive Deficits in Schizophrenia: Understanding the Biological Correlates and Remediation Strategies

It’s a long article - but of note, factors increasing response to cognitive remediation include younger age (adolescent, under 45)

And:

Glycine agonist (D-serine), GlyT1 inhibitor (sarcosine), Ampakines
Metabotropic mGlu2/3 agonists, GABAergic agent (MK-0777)
Modafinil, d-amphetamine
Dopaminergic and cholinergic agents

Aerobic exercises
Brain neuromodulation Transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial direct current stimulation, and vagal nerve stimulation

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I forgot to include this, it suggests that even those who have severe impairment may be able to get a similar amount of benefit, it just might take twice as long.

Greater cortical reserve, particularly in the temporal cortex, predicted a rapid social-cognitive response to CET in the first year of treatment. Patients with less neurobiological reserve achieved a comparable social cognitive response by the second year of cognitive intervention.

What is the relationship between the chemical structure /function and the accurate details of any symptom ?

  • what is the relationship between the chemical function of brain substances and the frame/content of any cognitive dysfunction symptom ?
    -How can the chemical activity in the brain translated into cognitive message ?
    -What is the chemical interactions in the brain areas which producing the knowledge,the thoughts,the meaning,the perception or cognitive message ?
    -Give us single example to explain the chemical mechanism that be used to synthesis the subject of any cognitive symptom related sz ?

It is understood that,the genetic message of gene translated into proteins,but how does the protein translated into mental concept (knowledge,thought,meaning, cognitive message ) ?
OR
How does the neurotransmitter pulse translated into information of thought,meaning,or mental concept ? whereas the cognitive subject of the human thoughts are boundless

It is easy to claim that the chemical activity in the brain areas create the information,knowledge,the thoughts,the meaning,the understanding,realization,awareness …etc without give us scientific prove to show the possibility to creation the mental meaning in the lab through chemical interaction between any substances -even in animal test

simply,how does the dopamine translated into information ( knowledge,idea,believe,mental concept,cognitive message ) ?